The Surge comes with two launchers to accommodate both standard and micro-sized arrows, and also features independent windage/elevation adjustments, a laser-marked full-draw indicator, and a micro-tune cable clamp. As the arrow travels, its high-speed actuation system, coupled with precision bearings, kicks into gear, causing the launcher to quickly drop out of the way. The Surge from Apex Gear features a delayed trigger system that is precisely timed to keep the launcher arm up longer to support the arrow. Its cord dampening technology coupled with the Rebound Dampener helps to mitigate shock that is transferred from the limb to the rest while also acting as a shock absorber to eliminate launcher flutter and prevent cord stretch to extend the life of the rest. Its lightweight aluminum design incorporates quality CNC machined components, and with the cord clamp its cinch to setup. Similar to their popular predecessors, the Primer features a pair of silky-smooth sealed stainless-steel ball bearings with zero tolerance technology to ensure there is no lateral play. Incorporating time tested designs, technologyies and quality in a rest virtually any bowhunter can afford, Hamskea developed the new Primer. With no bow press needed to set up, both rests have windage and elevation adjustment capabilities with the Click model allowing micro tunability. Available in both a standard or micro-adjustable Click model, they feature a push lever that locks the launcher into place, and once the arrow is released the roller bearings in the launcher arm coupled with rubber cushioning ensures it drops both quickly and quietly as the arrow passes through the containment ring. Trophy Taker always seems to be leading the way and their latest Xtreme Pro Lock Up is a good start. Also, once it drops, Ripcord’s enhanced dampening system ensures the launcher is whisper quiet. Not only does the launcher’s whale-tail design keep the arrow centered, but it also supports it longer through the shot cycle before dropping out of the way. Using the upper or lower limbs to setup, the DriveCage features a precision, ball-bearing drive system coupled with a launcher arm that can be adjusted for precise tuning. With the all-new RipCage containment system, there’s no need to worry about your arrow slipping out of the rest when stalking close to game. Apart from the integrated mounting design, the rest itself features precision micro-click windage and elevation adjustments, a lock and load thumb lever, Velocity Drop-Away technology to ensure fletch clearance for today’s ultra-fast bows, and a drop and lock system that eliminates bounce-back.ĭelivering the same consistency you have come to expect from Ripcord, the new DriveCage is setting a new standard in full arrow containment. Now, this same technology will be available directly to the consumer, and according to QAD several other bow companies are set to offer the same machined dovetail design on their risers. Not only has this proven to be a more secure mounting platform, but it also automatically levels itself when mounted. We were all impressed when QAD teamed up with Mathews and Hoyt to design UltraRest Integrates MX, which used a patented integrated dovetail mounting system that mounted directly to the back of the bow riser. Strickland Quality Archery Designs Quality Archery Designs Limb driven technology is the future of arrow rests, and Vapor Trail is leading the charge.JanuBy Brian K. Cable triggered drop away arrow rests usually leave the arrow after 3 to 4 inches of contact, allowing any tuning or forms flaws to expand your groups. This limb driven speed means your arrow rest can stay in contact with the arrow for more of the shot cycle, offering more guidance, and yielding the best possible arrow flight from your set up. Limb driven technology uses the power of your bows limbs to rip the arrow rest away from the arrow at break neck speed. Cable triggered arrow rests depend upon a spring to pull the arrow rest away. Limb driven arrow rests rip the rest away from the arrow much faster than your run of the mill drop away arrow rest or cable triggered fall away arrow rest. Universal Mounting Bracket Right Hand Rest Find adjustable, micro-adjustable, and even Integrated rest options for your. Find durable Full Containment Rests that allow accurate shots during any hunt. Choose from limb-driven or cable-driven Fall Away Arrow Rests that hold arrows in place, improves accuracy, and increases speed. Compound Drop Away Rests Compound Full Capture Rests Blades, Launchers. Select a Compound Hunting Rest from Lancaster Archery Supply for optimal arrow flight and broadhead tune. New VaporTrail Limb Driver Pro Fall Away Arrow Rest Down Recurve Limbs One Piece Recurve Horsebows Longbows & Hybrid Longbows.
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Expansions of the product line have continued to this day, including specialty offerings, limited time productions, region-specific and retailer-specific flavors of Mountain Dew. In 2001, a cherry-flavored variant called Code Red debuted. Diet Mountain Dew was introduced in 1988, followed by Mountain Dew Red, which was introduced and discontinued in 1988. īetween the 1940s and 1980s there was only one variety of Mountain Dew, which was citrus-flavored and caffeinated in most markets. In August 1964, the Mountain Dew brand and production rights were acquired from Tip by the Pepsi-Cola company, and the distribution expanded across the United States and Canada. "Bill" Jones of the Tip Corporation further refined the formula, launching that version of Mountain Dew in 1961. The rights to this formula were obtained by the Tip Corporation of Marion, Virginia. A revised formula was created by Bill Bridgforth in 1958. The original formula was invented in 1940 by Tennessee beverage bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman. Voo-Dew may still be available at your local market.Mountain Dew, stylized as Mtn Dew in some countries, is a carbonated soft drink brand produced and owned by PepsiCo. Or just skip the review entirely and let your own taste buds solve the mystery.Ī post shared by The Impulsive Buy on at 6:05pm PDT You can get to it by heading over to our IG Stories or clicking the link in our profile, which will take you to a page with links to our recent reviews. Go read the full review if you want to know what I think it tastes like. Even though my guess is most likely incorrect, I think it’s a wonderful flavor that I gave a 9 out of 10. Now this is the part where I pull some quotes from our full review, but instead I’m going to just say this: It tastes like something that some folks thought last year’s VooDEW tasted like. Because I’m horrible at solving mysteries, what I believe this flavor taste like is most definitely wrong. It’s a mystery flavor, so get ready for a bunch of wrong guesses, like there were with last year’s Mtn Dew VooDEW. We posted a review of the 2020 version of Mtn Dew’s VooDEW on the site. After that, let us know if your guesses were right either in the comments section or by hitting up our writer on Twitter! Keep scrolling to see what DEW fans are saying about their guesses. So many predictions from the crystal ball of flavor □ Crystal ball says: FRUIT CANDY EXPLOSION! #DewNation, grab a MTN DEW VOO-DEW before it's too late. "Crystal ball says: FRUIT CANDY EXPLOSION! #DewNation, grab a MTN DEW VOO-DEW before it's too late." "So many predictions from the crystal ball of flavor," Dew tweeted. In a video post on social media, DEW revealed the flavor was "Fruit Candy Explosion," a non-trademarked way to suggesting the soda was flavored similar to Skittles or Starburst, a popular guess amongst those who found the sound a taste-tested it. Now, the soda-maker finally unveiled the flavor that provided inspiration for "VooDew 2" and, as it turns out, it was a popular choice amongst fans tasked with trying to guess the flavor of the beverage. Last year, it was ultimately revealed the first flavor took inspiration from candy corn. For the second straight year, the innovators at MTN DEW unveiled a mystery flavor under the guise of VooDew. A roundtable discussion of the subject by experts, hosted by the OECD group of wealthy nations in 2018, concluded that although market power did indeed appear to be rising in many countries, the causes were unclear. A company operating in a market economy might look like a monopoly “under myopically static analysis”, but a broader and historical view will reveal that even very large, dominant companies face intense competitive pressure – whether from the fear of potential competition from new entrants eyeing their high profits or from competitors offering products and services of a different but nevertheless substitutable kind or from losing customers altogether, should they decide they’d rather do without what is being offered.Īnd if that’s what first principles tell us, there are plenty of reasons to be sceptical about what the real-world data are showing, too. As Edmond Bradley, a writer for the Mises Institute, put it back when Microsoft was the monopolistic bogeyman in the early 2000s, “the fear of industrial concentration is the last refuge of socialist theory” and the idea that governments must step in to save us from it is “wildly incorrect”. A sounder tradition in economics would lead us to be cautious about the claims from first principles. The case for the defenceĪre Marx and his mainstream followers correct? The answer, as ever, is – it’s complicated. If rising concentration and monopolies are a problem, it’s one that seems set to get worse. Low interest rates may also contribute, as bigger companies are in a better position to get hold of cheap credit and invest it in expansion. The combined effect will be to push smaller firms out of business, quenching the fires of creative destruction, and for the well-connected, better organised larger companies to obtain all the government cash and bolster their already dominant position. The response of governments to the coronavirus pandemic has led to a huge economic crisis, and their response to what they have caused is to throw money at it. They suggest that such policies might help to slow the rise of inequality and the growth in debt, and make financial crises less likely. The authors call for policies that will redistribute wealth to the poor, perhaps by gradually raising the tax on dividend income from zero to 30%. They blame the rising market power of big companies for the decline in the share of wealth that goes to workers, the rise in inequalities of wealth and income, and the growing debt burden. Indeed, “Market Power, Inequality and Financial Instability” – a new paper by Federal Reserve Board economists Isabel Cairo and Jae Sim – argues that the concentration of market power in a handful of companies, and the resulting decline in competition, explains the deepening of inequality and financial instability in the US, as Craig Torres reports on Bloomberg. All the main political parties – particularly in the US, where the problem is deemed to be particularly acute – agree that something must be done to curb the rise of the monopolies, namely that the state should step in and break them up, or at least restrain them. It is not all that easy to find a mainstream commentator, economist, think-tanker or policymaker who will raise a squeak of protest against the idea. Perhaps surprisingly, it is also the mainstream view today. This, at least, was the view of Karl Marx. Fortunately, it’s easy to stay connected with the Virginia Lottery. Draw Games All Keno Cash Pop Mega Millions Powerball Bank a Million Cash4Life. $136 Million: Unknown: West Virginia: 197: June 10, 2020: $22 Million: Thomas Cook and Joseph Feeney: Wisconsin: 198: August 12, 2020: $168 Million: William Kruger: Florida: 199:Draw Games All Keno Cash Pop Mega Millions Powerball Bank a Million Cash4Life® Cash 5 Pick 5 Pick 4 Pick 3 New Year's Raffle Scratchers All New Scratchers Promotional Scratchers eXTRA Chances $50 Scratchers $30 Scratchers $20 Scratchers $10 Scratchers $5 Scratchers $3 Scratchers $2 Scratchers $1 Scratchers Closing SoonHere is the list of 2023 Powerball jackpot wins, according to : $754.6 million - Feb. Check the full list of Powerball winners and their locations. 200+ Powerball Jackpot winners till date. between the Powerball and the Mega Millions lotteries: $2.04 billion, Powerball, Nov. …The jackpot was last won on March 4 when a lottery player in Virginia won the $162.6 million jackpot. Lottery results for the Kentucky (KY) Mega Millions and winning numbers for the last 10 draws.Latest Virginia Mega Millions Results. The top prize starts at $20 million and will. The bottom prize level, which is won by matching just the Mega Ball gives players $2, while the jackpot is won by matching all five numbers and the Mega Ball. Each Mega Millions draw has nine levels of prizes you can win depending on how many numbers you match on your ticket. It lets you create and manage playlists, and there are also a range of playback options, such as crossfades (which plays your songs continuously, without pauses between tracks). You can basically use the app to create your own cloud-based streaming service since it lets you move your library to its cloud, from which you can play your tracks when you’re on the go. It doesn’t stop there, however, since it also boasts a very capable music player, which is compatible with most major audio formats, including MP3, M4A, WAV, and AIFF. Its basic features include a 10-band audio equalizer and a bass booster thrown in for good measure. It may cost $10 to download, but Evermusic Pro is another impressive all-in-one EQ and music player app for iPhone. It also lets you import your iTunes library and playlists, and you can also play your lists like a DJ, using the special transition mode to fade or jump from one track to another.Īpple App Store Evermusic Pro: Offline Music ($10) Image used with permission by copyright holder On top of this, the app includes a seven-band equalizer, 10 ready-made EQ presets, custom presets, a bass booster, repeat and shuffle functions, and a sleep timer that lets you schedule when music playback will stop. In other words, you can boost (or tame) the lows and highs of songs you think are in need of a little work. Not only can you use it to adjust the EQ settings of your iPhone, but you can also mix and customize the sound of individual tracks. Here’s a highly versatile EQ app that combines the usual equalizer features with a fairly capable media player. A subscription costs either $5 a week or $50 a year.Īpple App Store Equalizer+ HD Music Player Image used with permission by copyright holder It’s not the most extensive EQ app, but it’s very good at what it does. Naturally, it lets you create your own custom presets that can then be saved, and it also lets you play music within the app, so you don’t need to open another app. Its features include a seven-band EQ, a wide range of presets tailored to musical genres, and a powerful bass booster. Not to be confused with the Android app of the same name, Equalizer FX is a simple and easy-to-use EQ app for iPhone. It’s free to download, but you will need a subscription ($9 for six months) to access all of its features.Īpple App Store Equalizer Fx: Bass Booster App Image used with permission by copyright holder As a bonus, its interface is attractively and accessibly streamlined, and it lets you stream over 40,000 internet radio stations and podcasts. It also offers a bass booster and custom presets, and it has been designed to work with Spotify and Tidal, among other music platforms. One feature it offers that isn’t replicated by most other EQ apps is its support for 3D surround sound, which lets you adjust your phone’s audio in a way that creates the impression of 360-degree sound. Here’s a highly in-depth and useful EQ app for iPhone that includes an impressive 16-band EQ and 29 presets. Google Play Store Best equalizer apps for iPhone Boom: Bass Booster & Equalizer Also, because certain features in Wavelet depend on system libraries found on your phone, it may not work completely with all devices. Most of these extra features come with its premium version, which starts at $5.49. Aside from that, it’s an articulate EQ app in its own right, with a nine-band graphic equalizer, a bass booster, reverb effects, virtualizer effects, a channel balancer, a limiter, and a bass tuner. It includes an impressive 2,700-plus pre-calculated optimizations for various headphone models as well as additional options to further customize settings. Wavelet bills itself as an equalizer app for headphones, letting you create EQ presets that are tailored to particular models of phones. So, the next time you come across the Papyrus font, be prepared for its potential to take hold of your thoughts and dreams. Its widespread appearance in various industries adds to the font's impact. Despite rumors of changes and modifications, it still holds power over me. In conclusion, the Papyrus font continues to haunt me, triggered by its association with Avatar's logo. Every time I see Papyrus, it reminds me of this obsession. I can't help but wonder about his little actions and his seemingly insane life. The font obsession has consumed me to the point where I find myself sitting outside Steven's house, hoping for a glimpse of him. Its tribal yet futuristic look seems to attract different industries. Hookah bars, tequila merch, off-brand tees, and even Shakira merch all seem to embrace the font. Papyrus is not limited to Avatar's logo it appears in various places. Was it laziness or cruelty on Steven's part? We may never know. There have been rumors of changes and fixes to the artwork, but it still looks similar. Despite the years that passed, the font still haunts me and worries me about the upcoming sequels. The choice seemed thoughtless, like a child yanking leaves in a garden. Steven, the professional graphic designer, randomly selected Papyrus as the font for Avatar's logo. Can you believe it? Let's dive into this font dilemma and explore its impact. What's wrong with me? It's the Papyrus font that haunts me, particularly because it was used as the logo for the giant international blockbuster movie, Avatar, nine years ago. But the dreams came back, keeping me up all night and affecting my appetite. It happened again, and I thought it was behind me. Have you ever been haunted by a font? Well, I have. As a gag, they “interrupted” the show with a technical difficulties announcement and cut to the Cheers opening credits before resuming a monologue by new host Bert Newton. On August 28, 2008, Australia’s Naughtiest Home Videos was broadcast in its entirety. Most viewers were bewildered by the sudden interruption, until the media were able to explain the next day. Mulray took it in his stride, later recalling: I am the first man in Australian history. 65% of callers were upset at the show’s cancellation, while 60% agreed with the decision. Australias Naughtiest Home Videos which was was famously pulled from air by Kerry Packer back in 1992. The audience was more forgiving of the show. After the commercial break, Nine Network announced that due to technical difficulties, they were unable to continue airing the show and instead aired a Cheers rerun instead. He became so offended that 34 minutes into the broadcast, he phoned the station and demanded that the show be taken off the air. Station owner Kerry Packer tuned in to watch. Naughtiest Home Videos aired September 4, 1992. Australias Funniest Home Videos.The meaning of NAUGHTY is guilty of disobedience or. Naughtiest Home Videos was hosted by radio personality Doug Mulray. Packer.5.Whats the naughtiest thing you did with your. Australia’s Naughtiest Home Videos was canceled 34 minutes and 36 seconds into its 60 minute program by the owner of Nine Network, Kerry Packer. Producers of Funniest Home Videos often received racy or risque videos that couldn’t be included due to its family-friendly nature and since they don’t return videos, producers decided to compile the videos into a one-off special aimed at an adult audience. Kerry Packer famously shouted Get that shit off the air when. As the show’s title suggests, these videos featured sexual situations and sexually explicit content. O, Australias Naughtiest Home Videos disgusted viewers everywhere with its video content. Australia’s Naughtiest Home Videos (Nine Network, 1992)Īustralia’s Naughtiest Home Videos was an Australian TV comedy one-off special spin-off show of Australia’s Funniest Home Videos. This is what you would have seen on 4 September 1992 had Kerry Packer not called the station and said 'GET THIS SHIT OFF THE AIR'. I found this Dear Chief letter online, and it’s too good not to share: It’s usually a self-serving explanation for a momentary lapse in judgment. Every cop, at some point in their service, F’s up and has to write an account of their F-up. You’re probably wondering what a Dear Chief is. Sure, the odd time a dinosaur rides-along and some geardo volunteers to Drive Miss Daisy but, for the most part, house mouses stay in their Ivory Tower or Puzzle Palace and respond to Dear Chiefs.ĭisconnect? It’s no wonder a PFL (Patrolman For Life) would pull an Upper Decker (sneak into the Chief’s executive washroom and drop a deuce in the toilet tank). They’re comma commies who push paper, not pursue pukes. The white shirts (commissioned officers like the Chief Cumquat and his Brasshole commanders) are office bitches. Internally, within the police structure, it starts with a disconnect between labor and management. (Not that the hose draggers don’t have terms for the pigs). Right? Wrong.Ĭops feud amongst themselves and with other ERs (Emergency Responders)-particularly the hydrant humpersor basement savers (firefighters). The biggest misconception the GP has of LE and other FR (First Responders) is they all get along. So here’s Version 2.0 on How To Speak Cop. It went over well (if you can believe the comments), and there seemed to be an appetite for a deeper drill into how LE (Law Enforcement) officers communicate. It was basic with stuff like 10-Codes, the phonetic alphabet and typical rank structures within police departments. Several weeks ago, I wrote a Kill Zone post titled How To Speak Cop - Version 1.0. However, there’s a lot more to cop-speak than this snippet. See? That makes perfect sense once it’s explained. See a scrote (criminal element) in PSP (Possession of Stolen Property) jackrabbit (make a run for it), wall-it (no place to go), turn a shiv (knife), take the electric slide (get Tasered) and a blast of Jesus Juice (OC pepper spray), then hagged-up (chewed by a police dog) and scrogged-out (physically controlled) before jewelried (handcuffed), bunwagoned (put in the prisoner van), shipped through the Sally Port (secure vehicle bay between the outside and the cell block), nutted & butted (strip searched), then inked and blinked (fingerprinted and photographed) before bowing to the turn key (received by the jail guard) and clinked in the cooler (locked in a cell). Let’s dissect the opening paragraph so it’s understandable to the GP (General Public).Ĭode 3 (responding with emergency equipment activated) to a 10-72 (serious crime in progress). It’s just the way cop-talk has evolved over time. It’s not necessarily a secret language, though. To someone who doesn’t speak cop, this jargon, lingo, acronym and code sounds foreign. Huh? Say what? This time in plain-speak, please. See a scrote in PSP jackrabbit, wall-it, turn a shiv, take the electric slide and a blast of Jesus Juice, then hagged-up and scrogged-out before jewelried, bunwagoned, shipped through the Sally Port, nutted & butted, then inked and blinked before bowing to the turn key and clinked in the cooler. When to Visit Franz Josef Glacier Franz Josef Glacier photo was taken with my zoom camera It is packed with maps, carefully curated recommendations and everything else you need to simplify your trip-planning process and make the most of your time onsite. To plan your trip or explorer the Islands, we recommend the guidebook from Fodor’s. The good news is that usually, the sky clears from the southwest before the next cloudburst appears. The annual precipitation ranges from three metres at sea level to five at the glacier villages, and a whopping 10 m of snowfall on the top of the glacier. The rainforest next to the Franz Josef Glacier. Rain is part of all without it, there wouldn’t be the impressive glacier, the lush rainforest or milky glacial rivers. Therefore, a sunny summer day can end up with snow flurries. The weather is influenced mainly by westerly winds transporting moisture-laden air from the Tasman Sea. For visitors from abroad, the weather patterns can be confusing. Weather Franz Josef Village and Glacier These waterfalls appeared after heavy rainfall in the morning.įranz Josef experiences significant rainfall throughout the year, also in the drier season. I recommend two whole days for Franz Josef to be on the safer side if you wish to do the most thrilling tour of all the “Heli Hike”. It is the wettest area of New Zealand therefore, visit Franz Josef, not in a rush. New Zealand, especially the west coast of the South Island, is notorious for its unpredictable weather patterns. I like to show you three different opportunities to experience this breathtaking glacier and some amazing hikes on the South Island of New Zealand. The guided heli hike on Franz Josef Glacier - Booking at no extra cost. None of it is safe any longer, but you know everything is possible in New Zealand. In former times just ten years ago, you could walk to the glacier's end and 40 years ago on the glacier on your own. However, climate change is real, and you can witness the vast loss of snow and ice throughout the decades. You can see Franz already in the distance from the glacier bed. It is the most accessible glacier ending just 300 m above sea level. And it's too much to expect the local restaurants to advise their customers not to drive after a glass of wine.Franz Josef is a unique glacier and the only one in the world-leading along a rainforest and ending up in the sea. The officer was polite, but this routine behavior must be a real money maker for the government here, particularly since it is in a very touristy area and there must be good pickings in the evenings for tourists leaving the downtown area after a nice meal and glass of wine. This particular officer admitted that he had pulled over 10-12 cars this evening, apparently randomly checking with his test kit. One of us received a DUI citation after dinner, without any erratic or unlawful driving, and after only one small glass of wine in a local restaurant. And the standard for DUI is apparently much lower here than in the USA. Beware the DUI cop here! DO NOT DRIVE after even one glass of wine in a local restaurant! We were unaware that in New Zealand the police can just pull you over without any cause whatsoever and give you a breathalyzer test. In this study, Kenya was reported as the country with the highest number of youth who had previously participated in gambling or betting at 76% followed by Uganda at 57% while Ghana had the lowest number at 42% ( 2). A recent survey evaluating gambling-related activities in 3,879 youth aged between 17 and 35 (based on the African Youth Charter) in Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania found that 54% of youth in SSA have engaged in some form of gambling activity ( 2). With the rapid growth of the gambling industry in many parts of SSA, such as Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya, which at times is coupled with weak regulatory environments ( 1), young people are increasingly exposed to gambling practices. In this context, the present article aims to provide a fresh perspective on the emerging issue of problem gambling among young people in SSA. This information gap is important in terms of gaining a better understanding and knowledge of these variables and will assist in designing effective preventive and treatment programs. Indeed, the clinical literature points toward high rates of comorbidities between GD and substance-related disorders, their overlapping neural circuitry ( 4, 10, 11), shared clinical presentation (i.e., cognitive features) and genetic predisposition ( 12– 18) in addition to similarities between their treatment methods ( 11).Īs opposed to the burgeoning literature exploring gambling and GD in Western nations ( 19, 20), there is a paucity of research on gambling behavior (e.g., frequency and amount of gambling, forms of gambling, and gambling motivations), the prevalence of GD, and identifying high-risk groups for developing GD, such as adolescents, in SSA. Initially included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-III under the name “pathological gambling” ( 7), this condition was subsequently renamed “gambling disorder” (GD) in the DSM-V and classified alongside substance-related disorders ( 8, 9). This disorder is associated with adverse psychological, physical, economic, social, and legal outcomes ( 5, 6). Gambling addiction has been defined as a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by a persistent and recurrent maladaptive pattern of gambling behavior ( 4). While the gambling industry is considered to have a beneficial impact on the economy through employment and taxation ( 1), unfortunately, gambling addiction is increasingly evolving into a public health concern in SSA, especially among young people (aged 10–24 years old). South Africa currently holds the most casinos on the continent with 38 legally operating casinos ( 3). Indeed, legal casinos are currently known to operate in a number of countries in SSA, including Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Kenya, Ghana, Lesotho, Liberia, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. This pattern of growth has been evident in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ( 1, 2). Over the recent years, many parts of the developing world have experienced unprecedented increases in gambling availability, participation, and expenditure. We believe that collaborative efforts between government, prevention specialists, legislators, researchers, treatment providers, and other stake holders can influence the uptake of research findings necessary to implement social policies and design effective public health intervention options to combat problem gambling and its associated implications among young people in SSA. This article focuses on problem gambling among young people in SSA with an emphasis on three key themes: (1) gambling behavior and patterns in SSA (2) public health and socioeconomic implications of gambling in SSA and (3) public health policies and interventions for addressing this issue. Emerging knowledge suggests that problem gambling is rapidly evolving in to a public health concern in SSA, especially among youth. Although gambling is positioned as a legitimate recreational and leisure activity within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is widespread recognition among healthcare professionals and policy-makers that gambling has the capacity to become dysfunctional in a minority. Gambling is a cross-cultural and global activity which typically involves the wagering of money or an item of monetary value on an outcome that is governed by chance. 3Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.2Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.1Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kilifi, Kenya. |
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